1799-1809
Between
1799 and 1809 Sir George Cayley who was an English Baronet came up with the
concept of the modern airplane. At this time Cayley had abandoned the
ornithopter tradition. He designed airplanes with rigid wings to provide lift,
and separate propelling devices to provide trust. Cayley laid the foundations
of aerodynamics through his published works. He showed both with models and
full-size flight control by means of a single rudder-elevator unit mounted on
an universal joint. In 1853 Cayley sent his coachmen on the first gliding
flight in History on his third full-size machine.
In 1843 an English inventor by the name of
William Samuel Henson published his patented design for an Aerial Steam
Carriage. His design was a big step towards establishing the modern airplane.
The design was a fixed wing monoplane with propellers, and fuselage, and
wheeled landing gear, and flight control by means of rear elevator and rudder.
The steam-powered models by Henson in 1847 were promising however unsuccessful.
Glenn Curtiss and Alexander Graham Bell, the
inventor of the telephone, founded the Aerial Experiment Association (AEA) in
1907, which designed and built several aircraft. One of the aircraft built by
the AEA was the first American aircraft to be equipped with ailerons, the White
Wing. The invention of the aileron led to a protracted patent fight between Glenn
Curtiss and the Wright brothers. The AEA also built the first seaplane to be
flown in the United States. In 1908, Glenn Curtiss won the Scientific American
Trophy in the first plane that he built and flew, the June Bug, when it made
the first public flight of more than one kilometer (0.6 mile) in the United
States.
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